sImSp§ñqcpImc³ Ipªmep aebmf¯nsâ kz´w _lZqdn¡bmbmbn amdnbXv Hcp \\ntbmKw t]msebmbncpóp.\\mev¸¯nbmdp hÀj§Ä _lZqdn¡bv¡v kn\\na Xsóbmbncpóp PohnXw. PohnXZpJ§Ä adóv At±lw kn\\nasb am{Xw kvt\\ln¨p. sXmïbv¡pÅnð Ic¨nens\\ sI«nbn«v aebmfnIÄ¡mbv XamiIÄ ]eXpsam¸n¨p. ZpcnX]qÀ®ambncpóp kn\\nabv¡v ]pd¯v _lZqdnsâ PohnXw. XrÈqÀ Pnñbnse sImSp§ñqcnð ]Snb¯v _vfm¦enð sIm¨psambvXotâbpw JZoPbptSbpw H³]Xp a¡fnð Hcmfmbn 1930 embncpóp P\\\\w. Ggp ktlmZcnIfpÅ {]mcm_v[w \\ndª IpSpw_s¯ t]mäm³ Ipªmephn\\v kz´w CjvS§sfñmw Dt]£nt¡ïn hóp. Hómw IvfmtkmsS Fkv Fkv Fð kn ]mkmbn tImgnt¡mSv ^mdqJv tImtfPnð CâÀaoUntbän\\v tNÀsó¦nepw ]T\\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡m\\mbnñ. IpSpw_¯nsâ ]«nWn amäm³ Ipªmep _kv IïIvSdmbn.A`n\\bw Fó Xocmtamlw At¸mtg¡pw Ipªmephns\\ IogS¡n¡gnªncpóp. CXn\\nsS Nne \\mSI§fnepw Ipªmep thjan«p. A{]Xo£nXambn Xsâ _Ô
kJmhv C sI \\b\\mÀ acn¨n«v Cóv H¼Xv hÀjw XnIbpóp. At±l¯ns\\ Ipdn¨pÅ HmÀ½IÄ ]¦v h¨v FgpXpIbmWv bpsIbnse {]apJ kmwkv¡mcnI {]Øm\\amb tNX\\ bpsIbpsS ]ndhn apXð kPohamb {]hÀ¯\\w \\S¯pó Bfpw sNdp¸w apXð CSXp]£ kmwkv¡mcnI cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n¨n«pÅ Bfpamb t\\m_nÄ sXt¡apdn. Ct±lw B\\pImenI§fnepw aäpw teJ\\w FgpXnbpw {it²b\\mb hyànbmWv. Aóv IñqtÈcnbnse aqSn sI«nb BImi¯n\\v Iognse ]Ien\\v hñms¯mcp hnfÀ¨bpw Imfn¨bpw, ]Xnhn\\v hn]coXambn \\ofw IqSnbncpó Znhk¯n\\v taS NqSnsâ hnlzeXIfpw Bekyhpw a®pw s]mópw DcpIpó DujcXbnð hnbÀ¸n\\v Bizmkambncpó CfInsb¯nbImänsâ knð¡mc¯nepw Pohsâ DÑmiz \\nizmk§fnepw arXyphnsâ Imsem¨bpsS ]Xnª i_vZw sImïdnbm³ t]mhpó GtXm {]lc¯nsâ t\\cSbmfambncn¡pw Chsbñmsaóv {]mb¯nð aq¯h³ AS¡w ]dªp. ASbmf§Ä AØm\\¯sñódn¨v tImembnse Im¡bpw Nphcnse ]ñnbpw sNmñn Nne¡póp. Hcp P\\Xnsb Añ Hcp kwkvImcs¯ apgph\\pw ZpxJ kmKc
(Cóv tabv 4, tIcf cmjv{Sob¯nsâ KXn Ft§m«v FtómÀ½n¸n¨p Sn]n N{µtiJc³ sImñs¸«n«p Hcp hÀjw XnIbpóp. kvarXn Hônbw {]kn²oIcn¨ Sn]n HmÀ½¡pdn¸v ) tIcf¯nsâ cmjv{Sob Ncn{Xs¯ 2012 sabv 4\\v ap¼pw ]n¼pw Fóp s\\SpsI hn`Pn¨v k. Sn]n N{µtiJc³ càkm£nbmbn. hÀKi{Xp¡sf¡mÄ A]ISImcnIfmbn XoÀó dnhnj\\nÌpIfpsS ^mknÌv apdbnepÅ B{IaW¯nemWv Sn]n N{µtiJc³ sImesN¿s¸«Xv. Ncn{X¯nð CXn\\p kam\\ambn asämcp càkm£nXztabpÅq AXv PÀ½\\nbnse I½yqWnÌv t\\Xmhmbncpó tdmk eIvkw_ÀKntâXmWv. heXp]£t¯¡v NphSpamdnb kz´w t\\Xm¡fmð sImesN¿s¸SpIbmbncpóp tdmk. PÀ½\\nbnse tkmjyð sUtam{ImäpIfpsS sXmgnemfn hÀ¤hncp²amb kao]\\§tfmSv hntbmPn¨v PÀ½³ I½yqWnÌv ]mÀ«n cq]nIcn¡pIbpw AXn\\Is¯ hn¹h]£amb kv]mÀ«¡kv {Kq¸n\\v t\\XrXzw \\ðIpIbpw sNbvX tdmk eIvkw_ÀKns\\ \\mkms¡KmÀUv Fóp hnfn¡s¸« {]Xnhn¹hImcnIfp
inYne_nw_§fpsS hk´ambn aebmf IhnXIfnð Ihn A¿¸³ Fñmbnt¸mgpw \\ndªp \\nð¡póp. apdnhpIfpsS hk´w Fóv kzbw hnti¸n¨, Poh]cy´w IhnXbpsS XShnð Ignbm³ hn[n¡s]« \\nXy kômcnbmbncpó amfanñm¯ ]m¼p t]mse Cgªp \\Sóncpó, HSphnð acWw Ah[n A\\phZn¡póXphsc PnhnXw \\Sóp XnÀ¯p Ihn A¿¸³. aZyw AcmPIXzw Ae¨nð Fón Øncw hntijW§fnð A¿¸s\\ Xf¨n«p Fñmhcpw. aebmf IhnXbv¡v K±y¯nsâ D«pd¸pw `mh]ucjhpw \\ðInb bpK]pcpj\\mbncpóp A¿¸³. ""Fsâ ihs¸«n Npa¡póhtcmSv. Hky¯nð Cñm¯ Hcp clkyw ]dbm\\pïv. Fsâ lrZb¯nsâ Øm\\¯v Hcp ]phpïmbnbncn¡pw. PnÚmkbpsS Znhk§fnð t{]a¯nsâ AßXXzw ]dªpXóhfpsS D]lmcw. a®p apSpóXn\\p ap³]v lrZb¯nð\\nóp B ]phv ]dn¡Ww. Zf§ÄsImïv apJwapSWw tcJIÄ amª ssIshÅbnepw Hcp Zfw ]phnepsS F\\n¡v Xncn¨p t]mIWw. acW¯n\\p sXm«pap³]pÅ \\nanjw Cu kXyw ]dbm³ kabanñmbncn¡pw. Hgn¨p X&oacut
Xkvdm¡nse Icn¼\\IfpsS Hmtcm ioð¡mc§fnepw almÚm\\¯nsâ AØnXzw tXSn Aeª Jkm¡nsâ CXnlmk¯nse chn Fó ktµln Aenªv tNÀón«psïóv tXmónt¸mIpw. Jkm¡nsâ CXnlmkw Fó Hä t\\mhð aXn Hhn hnPb³ Fó kam\\XIfnñm¯ CXnlmk¯nsâ iàn a\\Ênem¡m³. aebmfw temI¯n\\v kw`mh\\ \\ðInb Gähpw henb Fgp¯pImc\\mWv Hhn hnPb³. At±l¯nsâ Hmtcm IrXnbpw CXnlmk§fmWv. B CXnlmk§fnð A´Àeo\\amb DÄ¡mgvN hnPbsâ `mjbnð Xsó ]dªmð "am\\hnIXbpsS almkakybmWv\'. ]me¡mSn\\v ASp¯v a¦cbnð thep¡p«nbpsSbpw Iaem£nbpsSbpw aI\\mbn 1930 Pqsse cïn\\v Bbncpóp hnPbsâ P\\\\w. Aѳ aZncmin s{]mhn³knse ae_mÀ kvs]jy³ t]meoknð BbncpóXpsImïv hnPbsâ Ip«n¡mew ]et¸mgpw Iym¼pIfnð \\nóv Iym¼pIfnte¡pÅ bm{Xbmbncpóp. ap¯Ñ\\pw ap¯Ènbpw ]dªp sImSp¯ AÛpX IYIfpw Aѳ hm§ns¡mSp¯ bh\\ IYm]pkvX§fpw hmbn¨v hfÀó hnPb\\nð At\\zjnbmb ktµln Ató DWÀó
bpsIbnse {]apJ kmwkv¡mcnI {]Øm\\amb tNX\\ bpsIbpsS ]ndhn apXð kPohamb {]hÀ¯\\w. sNdp¸w apXð CSXp]£ kmwkv¡mcnI cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n¨n«pÅ t\\m_nÄ B\\pImenI§fnepw aäpw teJ\\w FgpXnbpw {it²b\\mWv ae_mdnsâ N{Ihmf§fnset§m sNa¸nsâ cmin Iodn¯pS§nbt¸mÄ P\\w AXv A{X Ku\\n¨nñ. s]s«óv AXv tNmc¨ph¸mbn IStemfw hfÀóp. FómWv kw`hn¡pósXódnbmsX Hóp ]I¨p. Ing¡nsâ AcptWmZb¯nð a®nð sNômb¯nsâ \\ngem«w Aca\\Ifnepw A´ ]pc§fnepw aªbpsS tNeIð apIfnð \\nópw Xmsg hsc s\\SpsI cïmbn Iodn apdn¨p. PbnedIfpsS \\mev NphcpIÄ¡pÅnð hn¹h¯nsâ amtamZok shÅw incÊnð ]Xn¨ Hcp km[mcW kzmX{´y kac t]mcmfnbpsS lrZb càw hoWXmWv CXns\\ms¡w ImcW§fmbn `hn¨sXóv P\\w izmkaS¡n Xncn¨dnªp. hn¹h¯nsâ Aánsb s\\ônð \\nd¨ Cu Aam\\pjnI {]Xn`mkw asämcpañ. Hcp km[mcW tIm¬{KkpImc\\mbn s]mXp {]hÀ¯\\amcw`n¨v `mcX¯nsâ Gähpw henb hn¹h{]Øm\\¯nsâ At]mkvXe\\mbn amdnb km£mð kJmhv FsI tKm]me³. 1904&
temI Ncn{X¯nð Fópw cïv hn`mK§Ä Dïmbn«pïv. Hóv Ncn{Xw krjvSn¡póhcpw atäXv Ncn{XamIpóhcpw. C. Fw. Fkv. Ncn{Xw krjvSn¨bmfmWv. Ccp]Xmw \\qämïnð tIcfw temI¯n\\v \\ðInb Gähpw henb Nn´I\\pw ZÀi\\nI\\pw AXnep]cn Hcp P\\XbpsS lrZbanSn¸v sXm«dnªv FópahÀ¡v thïn Xsâ Nn´Isf IqÀ¸n¨v \\mhns\\ ]Shmfm¡n AhÀ¡v thïn s]mcpXnb `cWm[nImcn. C. Fw. Fknsâ P\\\\w 1909 Pq¬ 13 \\v s]cn´ða®bv¡Sp¯v GewIpf¯v a\\bnembncpóp. PmXnIfpw, D]PmXnIfpw Xo{hamb AÔ hnizmk§fpw \\ndªmSnb Hcp ImeL«ambncpóp AXv. Aós¯ kaql¯nð taemf\\pw Iogmf\\pw Fóo cïv hn`mK§sf DïmbncpópÅq. taemfÀ kpJtemep]Xcmbn A´]pc§fnð Ignbm³ hn[n¡s¸«hcpw IogmfÀ taemfcpsS B«pw Xp¸pw tI«v a®nð ASnasbt¸mse ]WnsbSp¡m³ hn[n¡s¸«hcpw. C. Fw. Fkv. P\\n¨Xv Hcp k¼ó taemf \\¼qXncn Cñm¯nembncpóp. Xsâ PmXnbnð s]«hÀ ImWn¡pó a\\pjy {IqcXIÄ Iïv hfÀó \\¼qXncn¸mSv ]nóoSv kam\\ a\\kvIcmb a&aum
aebmf `mjsbbpw IhnXsbbpw Ipamc\\mimt\\mSpw DÅqÀ FÊv ]ctaizc A¿tcmSpw H¸w efnX kpµc Imð¸\\nI `mh¯neqsS kwKoX \\n_²amb ioepIfmð ]p\\cpÖoh\\¯n\\v hnt[bam¡nb hÅt¯mÄ \\mcmbW tat\\m³ ssIcfnsb hn«p ]ncnªXv 1958 amÀ¨v amkw 13 \\v Bbncpóphtñm. Ipamc\\mim³ kmaqlnI {]kànbpÅ Imcy§Ä hnaÀi\\ ZrjvSntbmsS kz´w krjvSnIÄ¡v hnjbamInbt¸mÄ hÅt¯mÄ tZiobamb Aht_m[w ]Icpó Xe§fnð hym]cn¨p. DÅqÀ Xsâ ]mÞnXyhpw DÖe i_vZ `wKn tNÀó ]Z k¼¯pw, A\\nXc km[mcWamb ka\\zb¯neqsS aebmf¯nð ¢mknIv ]p\\À cN\\ \\S¯póXnemWv {i² h¨Xv. Cu almcYòmÀ aqóp t]cpw aebmf¯nse B[p\\nI Ihn{Xb§Ä Fóv Adnbs¸«Xv XnI¨pw A\\zÀ°w XsóbmWv. kvIqÄ PohnX¯nse aebmfw ¢mkpIfnð "Bim³ Bib Kw`oc³ , DÅqÀ DÖe i_vZmUy³, hÅt¯mÄ i_vZ kpµc³ \' Fón§s\\ DÅ hmIy§Ä tI«Xv hÅt¯mfnsâ IhnXIÄ Km\\ KÔÀƳ tbipZmkv AS¡w DÅ KmbIÀ kwKoX a[pcambn ]Snb¯v tIÄ&ie
kwKoX¯nsâ hyhØm]nX `mh§sf s]mfns¨gpXn aebmf kwKoX¯n\\v ]pXnb BImiw krjvSn¨ alm {]Xn`bmbncpóp cho{µ³. At±l¯nsâ Hmtcm kwKoXhpw Hmtcm D]mk\\bmbncpóp. B kwKoXw aebmfnIfpsS Bßmhns\\ sXm«pWÀ¯n kwKoX alm kmKc¯nð {`an¸n¨p. AXv sImïmWv Imean{X Ignªn«pw ]pXp kwKoX¯nsâ Ips¯mgp¡pïmbn«pw cho{µ kwKoXw C§s\\ AP¿ambn \\nð¡póXv. 1941 \\hw_À 9 \\v sImñ¯n\\v ASp¯pÅ sImf¯pcnembncpóp cho{µsâ P\\\\w. a\\Ênð kwKoXhpambn \\Só _mey¯nð Fópw Iq«mbn DïmbncpóXv Zmcn{Zyambncpóp. kwKoXt¯mSpÅ AÀ¸W t_m[amWv ]nóoSv kwKoX¯nsâ Dbc§Ä IogS¡m³ At±ls¯ klmbn¨Xv. kvIqÄ hnZym`ymk¯n\\v tijw Xncph\\´]pcw kzmXn Xncp\\mÄ kwKoX tImtfPnð tNÀóXv At±l¯nsâ PohnX¯nse hgn¯ncphmbncpóp. AhnsS h¨mWv aebmf¯nsâ Km\\ KÔÀƳ tbipZmkv At±l¯nsâ kl ]mTnbmbXv. kwKoX tImtfPnð h¨v tbipZmkns\\ kwKoX aÕc¯nð tXmð¸n¡m³ IgnªXnsâ Bß hnizmk¯nð a\\Ênð
aebmf kn\\nabnð Hcp Ime¯v kzm`mhnIamb \\À½ ssh`h¯neqsS NncnbpsS hk´ Imew XoÀ¯ \\½psS {]nbs¸« IpXnch«w ]¸p aebmf kn\\nasb hn«v ]ncnªn«v Cóv 13 hÀjw ]qÀ¯nbmIpóp. aebmf kn\\na Iïv F¡mes¯bpw anI¨ lmky Xmc§fnsemcmfmbn«mWv Cópw aebmfnIÄ At±ls¯ s\\ônteäpóXv. 1936 ð tImgnt¡mSv Pnñbnse ^mdq¡nembncpóp ]¸phnsâ P\\\\w. Zmcn{Zy¯nð Ignª _mey¯nð \\nóv A`n\\bt¯mSpÅ A`n\\nthiamWv At±ls¯ \\mSI cwK¯v F¯n¨Xv. \\mSI cwK¯v Xsó tIcf¯nð At§mfant§mfw Bcm[Isc krjvSn¡m³ Ignª \\S\\mbncpóp At±lw. tImgnt¡mS³ \\mSI cwKs¯ Ipe]XnIfmb F³. ]n. apl½Znsâbpw Xnt¡mSnsâbpw IognepÅ \\mSI ]Ým¯ew ]¸p Fó \\Ss\\ IqSpXð ià\\m¡n. apSnb\\mb ]p{X\\nse Akm[yamb A`n\\bw Iïn«mWv cmap Imcym«pw F. hn³kâpw At±l¯n\\v aqSp]Sw Fó Nn{X¯nð BZyambn Hcp thjw sImSp¡póXv. `mÀ¤hn \\neb¯neqsS B khntijamb tImgnt¡mS³ `mjbnepÅ \\À½ ssien aebmfnIÄ Xnc¨dnªv X
