F´pw hmÀ¯bm¡pó Nm\\epIÄ¡v Gähpw henb `ojWnbmbn amdpIbmWv bq Syq_v. Nm\\epIfnð hmÀ¯m Zriy§Ä ssehmbn Iïmepw Xr]vXcmIm¯ ]pXpXeapd, hmÀ¯IÄ¡mbn bq Syq_ns\\ B{ibn¨pXpS§pIbmsWómWv ]pXnb ]T\\w sXfnbn¡póXv. henb hmÀ¯Ifpïmhpt¼mgpw {]IrXn Zpc´§fpïmIpt¼mgpw IqSpXð ZrIvkm£n hnhcW§Ä¡mbmWv BfpIÄ bp Syq_ns\\ B{ibn¡póXv. ]yq dnkÀ¨v skâdnse KthjIÀ Ignª 15 amk¯n\\nsS BfpItfähpw Iï bq Syq_v hoUntbmIfpsS IW¡v hniIe\\w sNbvXt¸mgmWv KqKnfnsâ hoUntbm sskäv {][m\\ hmÀ¯m t{kmXÊmbn amdpópshó bmYmÀYyw shfns¸«Xv. Ct¸mgpw hmÀ¯IÄ ImWpóXn\\v Sn.hn.Nm\\epIsf¯sóbmWv IqSpXð t]cpw B{ibn¡pósX¦nepw, bp Syq_nð\\nóv I\\¯ `ojWnbmWv Nm\\epIÄ t\\cnSpósXóv KthjIÀ ]dbpóp. Nm\\epIfnð s{]m^jWð tPWenÌpIfpsS BwKnfnð am{XamWv hmÀ¯IÄ AhXcn¸n¡s¸SpósX¦nð, bp Syq_nð knänk¬ BwKnfnepw hmÀ¯IÄ e`n¡pópshóXmWv IqSpXð t]sc ssk_À temIt&m
Fsâ {]hÀ¯\\ taJebmb _tbmsaUn¡ð Fôn\\obdnwKn§pw am[ya{]hÀ¯\\hpw X½nð F´v _Ôw Fóv tNmZn¨mð Hópanñ Fóv Xsó D¯cw ]dtbïn hcpw, F¦nepw Fsâ t^kv _p¡v kplr¯p¡fpsS IWs¡Sp¯mð H«p hfsc Fgp¯pImcpw am[ya {]hÀ¯Icpw DÅXv B taJetbmSv hñm¯ Hcp BZchpw Bcm[\\bpw DÅXv sImïmWv. Znhkhpw Fñm¯cw hmÀ¯IÄ {i²n¡m\\pw hmÀ¯m[njvSnX ]cn]mSnIÄ ImWm\\pw ]camh[n {i²n¡póp FóXv Ip«n¡me¯v Aco¡cbnð ]{Xw ]nSn¨p ]dn¡m³ AXn cmhnse HmSnb Hm«w Ct¸mgpw a\\Ênð kq£n¡póXv sImïmWv. Hcn¡ð¡qSn tImtfPnð t]mIm³ Ahkcw In«nbmð AXv tPÀWenkw ]Tn¡mt\\m am[ya]T\\¯nt\\m atäm Bhpsaóv am[ya {]hÀ¯Ibmb Fsâ Iknt\\mSp ]et¸mgpw Rm³ ]IpXn Kuchambn ]dbmdpw Dïv. AhÄ ¢mkv FSp¡m³ hómð Fñm¯n\\pw tXmð¸n¡pw Fóv Xncn¨Sn¡mdpw Dïv. {]ikvX am[ya {]hÀ¯Ibpw sF_oF³ koF³F³sâ {]kn²amb \\yqkv Aäv 9 AhXmcIbpw Bb kplmkn\\n sslZÀ \\
kmwk§nsâ hchv B¸nfns\\ sXsñmópañ hebv¡póXv. hnð]\\bnð kmwkMv ssIhcn¨ ap³Xq¡s¯ tImSXnbneqsS t\\cnSm\\mWv B¸nÄ {ian¨Xv. B¸nfnsâ sF ]mUnsâ cq]Ið]\\ tIm¸nbSn¨mWv kmwkMv KmeIvkn Sm_ Dïm¡nbsXó hmZhpambn AhÀ tImSXnbnse¯pIbpw sNbvXp. sSIv cwKs¯ BtKmf`oaòmÀ X½nepÅ t]äâv bp²w temIsa¼mSpw Gsd {i²m]qÀhw ho£n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. Fómð, KmeIvkn Sm_nsâ cq]w tIm¸nbSnbmsWó hmZw tImSXn AwKoIcn¨nñ. KmeIvkn Sm_ns\\ Iïmð A§s\\ ]dbm³ tXmóptam FómWv eï³ sslt¡mSXn PUvPn tImfn³ _nÀknsâ tNmZyw. KmeIvkn Sm_nsâ \\nÀamW¯neqsS t]äâv \\nba§Ä kmwkMv ewLn¨ncn¡pIbmsWópw AXnsâ hnð]\\ XSbWsaópapÅ B¸nfnsâ Bhiyw XÅns¡mïmWv PUvPnbpsS Cu ]cmaÀiw. B¸nfnsâ sF ]mUv cq]Ið]\\bpsS Imcy¯nð At§bä¯p\\nð¡pó D]IcWamsWóv PUvPn ]dªp. Fómð, A{X `wKntbm AgtIm KmeIvkn Sm_n\\v AhImis¸Sm\\nñ. AXpsImïpXsó kmwkMv tIm¸nbSn¨pshóv ]dbm\\mInsñ&oa
kvamÀ«vt^m¬ hn]Wnbnð sXm«sXñmw s]móm¡nb Ncn{XamWv kmwk§ntâXv. sF ]mUns\\ shñphnfn¡m\\nd¡nb kmwkMv KmeIvkn t\\m«v h¼³ lnäpIfnsemómbncpóp. temIsa¼mSpambn Fgp]Xpe£w KmeIvkn t\\m«pIfmWv hnägnªXv. sF ]mUns\\ hn]Wnbnð ]nónem¡pIsbó Dt±iyt¯msS KmeIvkn t\\m«nsâ cïmw `mKhpambn cwKs¯¯pIbmWv kmwkMv. HIvtSm_dnð KmeIvkn t\\mSv 2 hn]Wnbnse¯pw. KmeIvkn t\\m«ns\\¡mÄ henb kv{Io\\pÅ cïmw `mKw, B¸nÄ sF ]mUv an\\n Cd¡pópshó {]NmcW§Ä¡v sXm«p]nómsebmWv cwKs¯¯nbsXóXmWv {it²bw. t^mWnsâbpw Sm»änsâbpw CSbv¡p\\nð¡póXmWv t\\m«v 2. BZy thÀjs\\¡mÄ hen¸hpw sXfn¨hpapÅ kv{Io\\mWv CXnsâ khntijX. 5.5 CômWv kv{Io³ hen¸w. 1680 #x 1050 Fó ssl sdkeyqj³ kv{Io\\mWv CXn\\pÅXv. kvamÀ«v t^m¬ hn]Wnsbbpw Sm»äv hn]Wnsbbpw Hcpt]mse e£yan« KmeIvkn t\\m«v AXv km[n¨Xnsâ BËmZ¯nemWv kmwkMv ]nòpd¡mcs\\ {]Jym]n¨n«pÅXv. B¸nfnsâ Aômw Xeapd sF t^m¬ kv{Io³
_lncmImit¯bv¡pw N{µ\\nte¡pw hnt\\mZkômc¯n\\v hgnXpd¡pó ImeamWXv. Fómð, AXns\\ms¡ tImSm\\ptImSnIÄ kz´ambpÅ [\\mVyÀt¡ km[n¡q Fópam{Xw. Fómð, \\mkbpsS ]pXnb ssl sU^n\\nj³ hoUntbm N{µ\\nðt¸mbXpt]mepÅ A\\p`hw k½m\\n¡psa¦nð, ImipapS¡n At§m«pt]mItWm? `qanbnð\\nópw ctïImð e£w ssað ZqscbpÅ N{µs\\ sXm«dnbpó{X hyàXbpÅ Zriy§fmWv \\mkbpsS hoUntbmbnepÅXv. N{µsâ Ccpï`mK§sf¡pdn¨pw IqSpXð Adnhv ]IcpóXmWv Zriy§Ä. hensbmcp KÀ¯¯nð\\nómWv N{µsâ Nn{XoIcWw Bcw`n¡póXv. N{µsâ Z£nW {[ph¯nepÅ jm¡nÄ«¬ KÀ¯s¯¡pdn¨pw AXv hniZamb hnhc§Ä \\ðIpóp. Hmtcm `mK§sf¡pdn¨papÅ hnhcW§fpw H¸apïv. Z£nW {[ph¯nseXsó sFIvS¬ KÀ¯¯nsâbpw hniZamb Zriy§Ä hoUntbmbnepïv. `utam]cnXe¯nð\\nóv t\\m¡nbmð ImWm\\mhm¯, N{µsâ Ccpï`mK¯pÅ sFIvS¬ KÀ¯w hoUnt
emI^pSvt_mfnse A[niXzw Ac¡n«pd¸n¨ncn¡pIbmWv kv]m\\njv ^pSvt_mÄ Sow. bqtdm]y³ ^pSvt_mfnð {^³kv s_¡³ t_mhdnsâbpw sKÀUv apÅdpsSbpw Soan\\v km[n¡m¯ t\\«w, XpSÀ¨bmb cïmw bqtdm]y³ IncoSw ssI¸nSnbnsemXp¡n CsIÀ Imknbkpw kwLhpw hnkvabw XoÀ¯p. AÛpX{]IS\\t¯msS IncoSw ssI¡em¡m³ F¯nb Cäensb adp]Snbnñm¯ \\meptKmfpIÄ¡v Xpc¯n kv]m\\njv ]S¡pXncIÄ hnPb¯nsâ asämcp hÀWameyaWnªp. XpSÀ¨bmb aqómw IncoSamWv kv]m\\njv Soan\\nXv. 2008 bqtdm, 2010 temII¸v Fóo IncoS§Äs¡m¸w 2012 bqtdm]y³ IncoSw IqSn. Ncn{X¯nentXhsc Hcp Soapw apóv A´mcmjv{S IncoS§Ä kz´am¡nbn«nñ. 1972 bqtdm I¸pw 1974 temII¸pw t\\Snb PÀa³ Sow 1976 bqtdmbnð ss^\\ð hscsb¯nsb¦nepw lm{SnIv XnIbv¡m³ km[n¨ncpónñ. 1998 temII¸pw 2000 bqtdmbpw 2001 tIm¬s^Utdj³kv I¸pw t\\Snb {^m³kv kam\\amb t\\«¯n\\hIminIfmsW¦nepw, tIm¬s^Utdj³kv I¸n\\v A´mcmjv{S ^pSvt_mÄ SqÀWsaânsâ ]Int«m ]¦mfn¯tam AhImis&ced
