kn\na Hcp hyhkmb temIamWv. AhnsS GXv \nanjhpw Xmc§Ä ]nd¡mw. GXv \nanjhpw Xmc§Ä AkvXan¡mw. AkvXan¨hÀ Xsó hoïpw ISóphcmw. A¯cw Hcp amkvacnI temIt¯¡v \Sóv \o§nb Ipd¨v bpsI aebmfnIsf F¦nepw \ap¡v ]cnNbw Dïv. enhÀ]qfnse {]nbmemð Bbncpóp A¯c¯nð \½Ä Adnª BZy bpsI aebmfn. ]nóoSv sNdpXpw hepXpamb thj§fnð ]ecpw F¯n. Gähpw HSphnð iymw{]kmZnsâ Cw¥ojv Fó kn\nabnð Hcp Uk\nð A[nIw bpsI aebmfnIÄ Dïv. {_n«ojv aebmfn AhmÀUv ss\änð ]s¦Sp¡m³ F¯pó ankv \yqImknð Bbn sXcsªSp¡s¸« hcZbv¡v Cw¥ojnð hfsc {][m\s¸« thjambncpóp.
Cóv R§Ä ]cnNbs¸Sp¯póXv asämcp bphXmcs¯bmWv. sImfn³t]mÄ Fó ImÀUn^pImc³ ]¿s\. C½m\pthð Fó kn\nabnepw AXn\v ap¼nd§nb tkmdn sF Bw amUv Fó kn\nabnepw sNdpsX¦nepw {it²bamb thjw sNbvXmWv sIhn³ t]mÄ kn\nam taJebnð {i² t\Snbncn¡póXv. aebmf¯nepw t_mfohpUnepambn AcUkt\mfw kn\naIfnð Xct¡Snñm¯ thjw sN¿m\pÅ NÀ¨Ifnð BWv Ct¸mÄ sImfn³ t]mÄ. bpsIbnð At§mfw Ct§mfw HmSnb C½m\phenð ^lZv Isï¯nb sImebmfn kwL¯nse {][m\nIfnð HcmfmWv sImfn³. sNdnb tdmÄ BsW¦nepw a½q«nbpsSbpw emðtPmknsâbpw Nn{X¯nse A`n\bw hgn¯ncnhmIpsaó {]Xo£ sImfn\pïv.
ImÀUn^nse {]apJ kwLmSI\pw Atkmkntbj³ t\Xmhpamb t]mÄ amthenbpsS aI\mWv sImfn³ t]mÄ Fó sNdp¸¡mc³. Xnñm\ Fó t]cnð ImÀUn^nð t]mÄ Gsd¡mew Hcp Iemtaf kwLSn¸n¨ncpóp. bpsIbnð \Só {it²bamb Hóne[nIw tÌPvtjmIfpsS AWnbd inev]n IqSnbmb t]mfnsâ taðt\m«¯nð Bbncpóp bpsIbnð Pbdmw tjm \SóXv. ]nXmhnsâ kn\nam _Ôw XsóbmWv Xsóbpw kn\nabnte¡v ASp¸n¨sXóv sImfn³ {_n«ojv aebmfntbmSv ]dªp. kn\nam temIs¯ hnkvab¯nð hoWpt]mb sImfn\v ]pXnb Ahkc§Ä sXSnsb¯psaópw Xnc¡pÅ Hcp \S\mbn amdpsaópapÅ {]Xo£bmWv DÅXv.
Ipsshänð Pohn¨ncpó Imew apXð Um³kÀ Fó \nebnð {]ikvX\mb t]mfnsâ PohnX¯nð hgn¯ncnhmbXv apwss_bnð A\p]wtJÀ \S¯pó BIvtSgvkv {]nt¸dnð tNÀóv A`n\bw ]Tn¡m³ Xocpam\n¨XmWv. tN«³ sIhn\pambn tPmUn tNÀóv tImfn³ Ipsshänð At\Iw Um³kv ]cn]mSnIfnð apJy \À¯I\mbncpóp. ImÀUn^nð F¯nb sIhn\pw sImfn\pw tNÀóv k-OZ Fó t]cnð Hcp Um³kv {Sq¸v Dïm¡n bpsIbnse¼mSpw \r¯§Ä AhXcn¸n¨p. bpsIbnð \Só Ht«sd tÌPv tjmIfnð k OZ kwLw \r¯w sN¿m³ t]mbncpóp.
{_ntÌmfnse bqWnthgvknän Hm^v shÌv Hm^v Cw¥ïnð \nópw A¡uïn§v Bâv ^n\m³jyenð _ncpZw t\Snb sImfn³ apwss_bnemWv XpSÀ hnZym`ymkw \S¯nbXv. apwss_bnse ]T\kab¯mWv kn\namtamlhpambn Aóv A\p]wtJdnsâ C³Ìnäyq«nð ]Tn¡m³ tNÀóXv. ]pXnb apJ¯neqsS {i²t\Snb Um]nsâ tkmdn sFBw amUv Fó kn\nabnð Zo]Insâbpw A\q]vN{µsâbpw B³ AKÌnsâbpw Hs¡ IqS sImfn³ {it²bamb thjw XsóbmWv sNbvXXv. XpSÀómbncpóp emðtPmkv C½m\phð ssZhw \½psS IqsSsbms¡bnte¡v £Wn¨Xv.
sImfn³ t]mÄ tPm aebmf kn\nabnð am{Xñ, t_mfnhpUnð t]mepw Hcp \ndkmón[yambn amds« FóXmWv R§fpsS {]mÀ°\. sImfn\v Fñmhn[ BiwkIfpw t\cpóp. NphsS sImSp¯ncn¡pó Iaâv t_mIvkv D]tbmKn¨v A`n\µ\w Adnbn¡mw.
s]s®mcps¼«mð FóXv tI«v aSp¯ {]tbmKw Xsó BWv. ]et¸mgpw tamiw AÀ°¯nð kv{XoIsf D]ant¡ïn hcpt¼mÄ Bbncn¡pw Cu ]Z {]tbmKw D]tbmKn¡pI. Fómð tHä¡ncpóp kz]v\w ImWm³ Hcp hgn Dsïóp \nXym amÀ«n³; Bscbpw ab¡pó a{´hpw Bbn \nXym tat\m³
s]s®mcps¼«mð FóXv tI«v aSp¯ {]tbmKw Xsó BWv. ]et¸mgpw tamiw AÀ°¯nð kv{XoIsf D]ant¡ïn hcpt¼mÄ Bbncn¡pw Cu ]Z {]tbmKw D]tbmKn¡pI. Fómð tbpsIbnð \nópw _ncpZm\´c _ncpZw FSp¯ 1900 t]À¡v SnbÀ 1 hnk; klmbhpambn aebmfn Øm]\w
ÌpUâv hnkbnð bpsIbnð F¯nb ]ecpw ]T\\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbn«v IqSn ChnsS \\nð¡m³ km[n¡msX Ipg§pó AhØbnð Cant{Kj³ \\nba¯nse Ahkcw {]tbmP\\s¸Sp¯n hnk 
